What type of steel is it when other elements are added to iron during refining?

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Adding elements to iron during refining produces alloy steel. Those extra elements—like chromium, nickel, vanadium, or molybdenum—alter properties such as strength, hardness, and wear resistance beyond what carbon alone provides. Cast steel and wrought steel describe how the steel is shaped (casting into a mold versus deformation processing), not its chemical makeup. Stainless steel is a subset of alloy steel with enough chromium for corrosion resistance. So the broad category created by adding other elements is alloy steel.